Basic physiological parameters          Cardiac Cardiac output (CO) = Stroke volume (SV) x HR. Average values are around 70 ml x 70 bpm = 4900 ml/min. BP = CO x Systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is ⅓ of the way between DBP and SBP. MAP = ⅔DBP + ⅓SBP, or MAP = {DBP} + {(SBP-DBP)/3} Cardiac index = Cardiac output ÷ Body surface area. Respiratory Overview: Lung volume (V L ) changes throughout respiration, and is represented by various measures 'Volume' is a unit that cannot be broken down; 'capacity' is the sum of two or more volumes. Total lung capacity (5-6.5 L): Maximum theoretical capacity of lung. Vital capacity (3.5-4.5 L) is the maximum you can actually exhale (and inhale) in one go. Comprises: Tidal volume (0.5 L): volume of normal, quiet breath. Minute volume = Tidal volume x Respiratory rate. Inspiratory (2-2.5 L) and expiratory (1-1.5L) reserve volume: extra you  can do  if needed. ↓I...